Today you are going to start watching “The Prince & the Pauper”, a film set in Reformation England….
Follow the order in which I give you instructions:
1.
INTRODUCTION:
The Prince and the Pauper is a novel by American author Mark Twain. It was first published in 1881 in Canada, before its 1882 publication in the United States. It was Twain’s first attempt at historical fiction. Set in 1547, it tells the story of two young boys who were born on the same day and are identical in appearance: Tom Canty, a pauper (poor person) who lives with his abusive, alcoholic father in Offal Court off Pudding Lane in London, and Edward VI of England, son of Henry VIII.
2.
Watch the following movie!
The Prince & the Pauper I. (36:08 minutes long)
3.
If the video above does not work, here is another solution: Watch “Episode 1” by accessing it in Schoology Materials. (This “episode” is 36:08 minutes long.)
If, for some reason, this does not work either, click on the square (at the top right) in the schoology page for “Episode 1” – then the video should work. (Make sure that you are logged into your school gmail account!) It looks like this:
Today you are going to finish watching the film on Stalin!
-Part A-
In the last scene we saw Stalin being very angry about Soviet defeats in WW2, and then reaching a very low point due to the defeats…
Stalin addresses the nation and encourages them to fight. Then, Beria gives Stalin the news that Jakov has been taken prisoner…
The last days of Lieutenant Jakov Stalin
Colin Simpson and John Shirley, Sunday Times 24th Jan. 1980
Joseph Stalin, the Russian dictator, died in 1953 with one abiding regret: he had been unable to discover the fate of his eldest son, Jakov, who of all his children – including even his daughter, Svetlana – was the one he had come to care about most.
Jakov had been a lieutenant in the Russian army. All Stalin knew was that he had been captured by the Germans at the Siege of Smolensk in 1941, and held in a prisoner of war camp. Rumours that he had died there conflicted with stories that he had escaped. The Russian leader was unable to establish the truth, and though towards the end of this life, he offered a reward of a million roubles, no information was forthcoming.
The truth about Jakov’s fate had in fact been known to the British for eight yers before Joe Stalin died. But they had deliberately suppressed it. ‘The evidence makes unsavoury reading’ notes a Foreign Office official after studying the details in 1945. ‘We do not think it would give Marshall Stalin any comfort.’
The full facts are contained in German documents, withheld by the Cabinet Office until now, although a bald summary was released in 1968. The Sunday Times has been allowed access to the documents. We have also managed to trace one survivor from the prisoner of war camp where Jakov was held.
The story that emerged is a grim one. In the end, Jakov Stalin committed suicide in a particularly horrifying manner, in the bleak surroundings of Sachsenhausen Camp. The only surviving witness to the incident Thomas ‘Red’ Cushing, still talks of the extraordinary pressures which drove Stalin to his death. He was watching through the window of a prison hut when Jakov finally met his end.
‘I remember it as if it were yesterday,’ said Cushing last week. ‘It was one of the saddest events of my life.’
For every American killed in World War II, 59 Russians were killed.
Stalin’s son, Jakov, was taken prisoner in May 1942. Later, the Germans offered Jakov to Stalin, to trade for Field Marshall Paulus, a German officer captured at Stalingrad. Stalin responded: “I will not exchange a private for a Field Marshall.” Jakov later died attempting to escape.
German POWs were kept in Russia till the mid 50’s as slave labor, and over 75% died in captivity.
Which of these 2 sources tell the truth?
We see Historical footage of WW2.
It is the Funeral of Sergei Alliluyev. It is Feb.1941
Present are:
Stalin
Olga
Svetlana
Vasili (who is now also in the army)
Beria
It is more or less April 1945. The USSR’s Victory in WW1 is celebrated. Children representing the various republics of the USSR bring honour to Stalin.
We see the last years of Stalin’s life. Svetlana and her son visit Stalin. It is the Winter of 1950. Svetlana asks Stalin to free Bukharin’s wife…
Stalin’s doctor examine him. It is more or less 1952. Stalin is now about 73 years old.
The doctor says that his heart is weak and that he has high blood pressure. Stalin does not trust the doctor or the medication that the doctor wants him to take. (By this time Stalin believed that their was a “doctors’ plot” against him and he considered another purge: this time of the medical profession!)
Stalin V-A. (14:15 minutes long)
-Part B-
Stalin’s inner circle dines with him & Svetlana. It is round about 1952.
Stalin asks Nikita Khrushchev to dance for them.
Stalin teases the people around him.
Again, everyone is trying to please Stalin…
The question arises ‘who will take Stalin’s place when he is not there anymore?’…
There is an endearing scene with Stalin & Svetlana, talking about Svetlana’s mother, Nadia.
It is 5 March 1953. Svetlana is “abducted” (from where she lived), to be taken to Stalin who is on his deathbed. (He had a stroke.)
Already present at Stalin’s deathbed are:
Khrushchev
Molotov
Voroshilov
Beria
Stalin’s doctor
The doctor is scared, as he is expected to help Stalin, but cannot do anything for him.
Beria is a foolish coward.
Still 5 March 1953, Molotov & Khrushchev have a conversation in the toilets: They wonder why Beria took so long before the doctor was summoned…
They suspect Beria of wanting Stalin dead, in order to take power himself.
Khrushchev wonders what they would tell the population re. “Stalin’s crimes” (referring to the purges, etc.) after his death.
Molotov advises him to keep quiet (as a way of denying “Stalin’s crimes”).
Molotov also says how great Stalin was and how much he did for the USSR.
Svetlana arrives at Stalin’s deathbed (5 March 1953).
Present are now:
Svetlana
Khrushchev
Molotov
Voroshilov
Beria
Stalin’s doctors
Stalin’s housekeeper
Stalin points up to a picture of Nadia, Svetlana’s mother, and tries to say something to Svetlana… Then he dies…
People are queuing to see Stalin’s body lying in state.
(Below are the scenes watched today in one video clip.)
Stalin V. (33:11 minutes long)
3.
TRIVIA
To prepare for the role, Robert Duvall watched numerous hours of newsreels, read many books about Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, and spoke to Russians who remembered him. He said that playing Stalin was the most challenging role of his career.
The first American movie to be premiered in Moscow.
This movie premiered in Russia on the 75th Anniversary of the Russian Revolution.
The cast includes two Oscar winners: Robert Duvall (Joseph Stalin) and Maximilian Schell (Vladimir Lenin); and three Oscar nominees: Dame Joan Plowright (Olga Alliluyeva), Frank Finlay (Sergei Alliluyeva), and Daniel Massey (Leon Trotsky).
Director Ivan Passer was one of the many filmmakers responsible for the Czech New Wave movement of the 1960s. His Intimate lighting is considered a classic of the period. However, like so many others, the Prague Spring, which allowed new directions in arts, society, and politics, also stigmatized him when the Soviets invaded in 1968 and a harsh cloud descended over every aspect of life in Czechoslovakia. He emigrated to the U.S., hoping to restart his career there, but never managed to get the respect that his talents deserved. This movie is no doubt in part a negative homage to the ideological reverberations that so deeply scarred his professional life.
4.
Now, complete the film review for this film called“Stalin”.
Also show how many stars you give this film, by coloring in the number of stars that you think the film deserves.
Here are some ideas for your film review:
Say what you liked (and why).
Say what you did not like (and why).
Say if you learnt anything (and what).
Would you recommend it to future students learning about Stalin?
5.
A few final quotes from the film…
Who are we to judge Stalin. Before him we were a weak, backward country, Now look at us. We control half of Europe… the whole of China… We have the atomic bomb… We command respect. Without Stalin, it would have take twenty years longer.
Molotov
You think I don’t know? Stalin knows. I know what you say, what you do… I know everything about you.
Stalin
Kamenev: We were promised our lives. Beria: Comrade Stalin has revoked his promise.
Hitler will go the way of Napoleon… to defeat, to despair, and to his death.
Stalin
The mass conspirator accuses everyone else of conspiracy.
Bukharin (said about Stalin)
Nadia thought Stalin was going to change Russia… She was right.
Svetlana Alliluyeva
No brutality should be allowed although no revolution is possible without terror.
Today we are going to continue with the film on Stalin…
-Part A-
In the last scene we saw Zinoviev and Kamenev in Stalin’s office, being forced to confess to conspiracy. However, Stalin promised that their lives would be spared…
It is 1936. Zinoviev & Kamenev are being executed!
Spot…
Beria…
Stalin’s inner circle is dining with him. Beria mockingly enacts the execution of Zinoviev (who was pleading to be spared at the execution).
Spot…
Stalin’s inner circle:
Voroshilov
Molotov
Yagoda
Khrushchev
Kaganovich
Beria
See how everyone tries to please Stalin, to the point of being rather childish!
Yagoda & Stalin is talking to Yagoda. Yagoda gets dismissed and is replaced by Yezhov as head of the Secret Police.
It is end 1936 / beginning 1937. Bukharin is at home. (By now, everyone fears that ‘knock on the door’, including Bukharin.) Stalin plays a ‘joke’ on Bukharin…
It is Feb.1937. Stalin visits Ordzonikidze (Stalin’s best friend). Ordzonikidze is the “Head of Heavy Industry”.
By now, Stalin had also accused Bukharin of being ‘an enemy of the people’ (a term used by Stalin to accuse anyone whom he felt threatened by).
Ordzonikidze queries Bukharin’s guilt.
Stalin then asks Ordzonikidze to testify against Bukharin!
Ordzonikidze is an honourable man and refuses…
Ordzonikidze begins to see through Stalin and is now one of only a few men who confronts Stalin.
See how Stalin deals with Ordzonikidze when he does not get his own way…!!! (No one is safe!)
Stalin IV-A. (15:10 minutes long)
-Part B-
Stalin is at his dacha, just after Ordzonikidze’s funeral.
Olga (Nadia’s mother) questions Stalin about so many being accused of being ‘an enemy of the state’.
Sergei (Nadia’s father) realises that this is a dangerous thing to do and tries to stop her.
Stalin makes it evident that not even they are above being arrested!
We see Bukharin (& Yagoda’s) showtrial. It is March 1938.
The prosecutor is Vyshinsky.
(Bukharin never admitted guilt, but was nevertheless ‘found guilty’.
Stalin & Yezhov watch from behind a curtain in the gallery. (Bukharin’s was the only show trial that Stalin attended.)
Now, Stalin turns against Yezhov (just like he had turned against Yagoda): Stalin accuses Yezhov of purging party members! (Yezhov was only following Stalin’s orders!!)
Yezhov is petrified as he knows what is bound to happen to him…
Yezhov is replaced by Beria.
Bukharin is executed.
There were even children in prison!
Stalin is at his dacha, watching a private ballet (supposedly at the same time as Bukharin’s execution was taking place)…
Still 1938, Stalin & Beria are watching the news: it shows Hitler uniting Germany & Austria.
Voroshilov, Beria, Kaganovich & Molotov walk with Stalin. Beria stays behind and give Stalin a letter from Bukharin.
Other scenes follow:
Stalin instructs Beria ‘to get rid of Trotsky’. (At the time Trotsky was in exile in Mexico!)
Jakov visits home. (He had joined the army.)
Historical footage of WW2 is shown.
It is June 1941. (Hitler invaded Poland in Sep.1939 and the USSR in June 1941.) Stalin talks to his generals. Voroshilov informs Stalin of the situation.
Stalin gives instructions that any soldier retreating must be shot.
Voroshilov mentions the purge of the Red Army’s generals and accuses Stalin.
Stalin threatens to have Voroshilov shot too!
Spot…
Beria
Molotov
Khrushchev
We see Stalin in a massage parlour. We also see Historical footage of WW2.
Molotov & Voroshilov visit Stalin (who is very discouraged)…
Stalin IV-B. (20:59 minutes long)
-Stalin IV-
(Below are the scenes watched today in one video clip.)
Today you are going to continue watching the film on Stalin!
-Part A-
In the last scene we saw Nadia visiting her parents after Jakov’s attempted suicide and Stalin calling her there to come home…
It is the 1930’s. Stalin is modernizing the USSR by means of Collectivization & Industrialization.
It is 1932.
Nadia on her way back to Moscow, by train.
She sees the deportation of hundreds of peasants. This was part of the collectivization process.
Peasants either deported to: Siberia, infertile land, or other Collectives.
Many in the countryside respected Stalin (due to propaganda portraying him as a great leader).
Therefore, many peasants thought that Stalin was not aware of their cruel treatment!
It is the Celebration of the 15th anniversary of the Revolution.
It is 1932.
Beria’s wife dances for Stalin…
Nadia returns…
People are increasingly trying to please Stalin – especially Beria.
Stalin is increasingly cruel, nasty and evil.
Nadia is reaching breaking point, as she realises what a vile person Stalin is…
There is a scene between Sergo Ordzhonikidze & his wife Zina (Zinaida). Sergo is advising/warning his wife that, if they wanted to be safe, they had to turn a blind eye to Stalin’s activities…
Stalin is in the graveyard. He is genuinely devastated…
It is about 1934 and historical footage of Industrialization is shown.
Stalin at his Dacha (country house) with his children and Nadia’s parents (who looked after the children)…
Stalin III-A. (16:47 minutes long)
-Part B-
We see Nicholai Bukharin’s wedding (to Anna Larina).
Spot…
Kamenev
Zinoviev
Kirov (He gives a present to Bukharin & his wife.)
Nadia’s parents (Olga & Sergei Alliluyev)
Ordzhonikidze
Bukharin was very popular and thus a threat to Stalin’s position. Stalin is greatly aware of this!
Everyone is beginning to be cautious in Stalin’s presence…
Kirov was also very popular! Therefore Stalin appointed one of his own supporters (Yagoda’s deputy) to the NKVD in Leningrad (were Kirov was Party leader) to spy on Kirov. Stalin’s excuse for doing this is that there are supposedly people in Leningrad who are conspiring against Kirov.
Yagoda is at home. He receives a call from Stalin…
…of Yagoda’s fear of Stalin!
(Yagoda was appointed as chief of the NKVD, or secret police, in 1934.)
Stalin is at his Dacha (country house) just outside Moscow. (By now Stalin had become a very paranoid man, suspecting everyone of conspiring against him!)
Censorship… even all feature films were censored by Stalin!
By now Nazi Germany became increasingly stronger. Nazi Germany was an ideological enemy of the Communists and a threat to the USSR.
Spot…
With Stalin are:
Yagoda
Kaganovich
Voroshilov
Molotov
Stalin instructs Yagoda to keep an eye on Kirov…
It is still 1934. Some Party members at the 17th Party Congress (held early in 1934) wanted Kirov to be General Secretary… This was a great concern for Stalin!
The film moves into the era of the purges… We see the assassination of Kirov, by Leonid Nikolaev: It is Dec.1934. Kirov is shot under suspicious circumstances, probably on Stalin’s orders!
Kirov’s bodyguard was not with him… He was distracted by the NKVD and did not follow Kirov into the building!
It is Dec.1934. Stalin is going to Leningrad to personally investigate the assassination of Kirov.
Spot…
With Stalin, as he gets off the train, are:
Voroshilov
Molotov
Kaganovich
Yagoda
Leonid Nikolaev is interrogated by Stalin (& Yagoda).
Nikolaev does not know what to say, because he was told to kill Kirov, by Yagoda (who was instructed by Stalin).
Initially Stalin & Yagoda made as if they knew nothing…
Stalin then tells Nikolaev to say it was one of Zinoviev’s supporters who approached him to kill Kirov. He is told that if he works with Yagoda & Stalin he will receive privileges (e.g. a new house) and his family (also arrested) will be set free.
Stalin tells the officers to get Nikolaev’s ‘confession’ and to “finish him off”! One of the officers is Yezhov…
Bukharin, his wife Anna Larina, and Svetlana (Stalin’s daughter) are in a park with Bukharin’s pet fox (that was given by Kirov to Bukharin at his wedding). The fox is called ‘Grisha’. (Zinoviev also happens to be called ‘Grisha’ as it was a short version of ‘Grigory’.)
Stalin threatens Zinoviev & Kamenev in his office… The reason why they were called in is because Stalin accused them of working with Trotsky to kill Kirov!
First, Stalin tries to get a very simple confession from Zinoviev: that Bukharin named his fox after Zinoviev!
Then, Stalin threatens them to confess that they worked with Trotsky to kill Kirov. If they do not confess, Kamenev’s son will be executed. (Stalin says that Kamenev’s son is supposedly plotting to kill him, Stalin! A new law stated that children over the age of 12 years could get the death penalty for certain crimes, just like adults!)
Stalin says if Kamenev and Zinoviev confess to conspiring with Trotsky, then their lives and that of their families would be saved…
Spot…
(in background)
Yagoda
Yezhov
Stalin III-B. (19:17 minutes long)
-Stalin III-
(Below are the scenes watched today in one video clip.)
Today you are going to watch part of a film about the underground railroad…
Follow the order in which I give you instructions:
1.
INTRODUCTION:
In the previous lesson you learnt about Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglas and the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into the free northern States, or even to Canada. Today you are going to watch part of a movie about the Underground Railroad. (I have decided to show you only the second half of the movie, because the second half is very relevant to your study.) The movie is about a slave called Samuel who escapes with his elderly mother, his wife and his son. The Underground Railway helps them to escape from the south to Canada. Unfortunately, the slave owner to whom Samuel and his family belong has hired someone to track them down and bring them back to his plantation… (The movie is set in the mid-1850’s – remember, slavery was abolished in 1865.) Also, every now and then you will see that there are flashback scenes to the mid-1750’s. These flashback scenes shows how Samuel’s great grandfather was brought to the Americas on the slave ship of John Newton… (It shows 100 years earlier, in 1748, when John Newton, the Captain of a slave trader, sails from Africa with a cargo of slaves, bound for America. On board is Samuel’s great grandfather. The voyage changes Newton’s life forever…) Make sure that you pay close attention, as you will be given a quiz to complete in a next lesson.
Today you are going to look at the remarkable bravery of those who escaped slavery ….
Follow the order in which I give you instructions:
1.
INTRODUCTION:
As a final task on this topic, we are going to look at the story of Harriet Tubman. She was an American abolitionist and anti-slavery activist. Harriet was born into slavery, but she escaped and made about 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people! She used a network of anti-slavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad to take slaves from the southern States (where slavery was allowed) to the northern States (where slavery was not allowed). The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into the free northern States. All this began before the American Civil War (1861-1865). (This was a war that was fought between the northern States and the southern States, because of the enslavement of black people. The northern States were against slavery and began to abolish slavery (already in the 1780’s!), but the southern States wanted slaves to work on the plantations in the south. So, there was a civil war between north and south. In the end the northern States won and slavery was therefore abolished all across America in 1865.)
2.
Watch the following 2 video clips on Harriet Tubman. You need to listen carefully, because you will be tested on this!
1822-1913 – Harriet Tubman. (1:52 minutes long)
Harriet Tubman: A Maryland Story. (24:20 minutes long)
3.
The Harriet Tubman Story. (30:09 minutes long)
4.
If available, go to Schoology and do the timed quiz about the information given today and the video clips that you have just seen. (You have no more than 10 minutes to do this!) (You only get one attempt at this. Also, please note that quiz will expire… So, make sure that you do it in time!)
If there is still time, do the following as an Extension Task: Watch the video on William the Conqueror – Duke of Normandy. It starts with events in the early 1050’s. (9:31 minutes long)
William the Conqueror – Duke of Normandy. (9:31 minutes long)
Can you remember how to determine if a source is a primary or a secondary source?
4.
Carefully go over the following words – you may need to know what they mean as you work through today’s lesson about Nazi officers and their victims. (You do not have to memorise these meanings – it is simply given to you because these words are used in today’s videos.)
5.
Mengele was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and physician (doctor) during World War II. He is mainly remembered for his actions at the Auschwitz concentration camp, where he performed deadly experiments on prisoners and was a member of the team of doctors who selected victims to be killed in the gas chambers.
Watch the following video to find out a bit more about Mengele…
Mengele’s Human Experimentation | Nazi Hunters. (2:51 minutes long)
6.
The video below gives you further insight into the doings of Mengele…
Now, watch the short biography of Josef Mengele, also known as “the Angel of Death” (because he was unthinkably cruel!) or “the White Angel” (because he wore a white uniform).
Josef Mengele Biography: The Angel of Death. (20:08 minutes long)
8.
And now for the story of one of Mengele’s victims…! Eva Mozes Kor was experimented on as one of Dr. Josef Mengele’s twins at Auschwitz. It is a fascinating story with a twist: after decades of anguish, Eva decided to forgive the Nazis! She became one of the best-known and most-active Holocaust survivors in the world. Read this brief story about Eva…
“At the age of 10, Eva Mozes Kor became a victim of Josef Mengele, the doctor at the Auschwitz concentration camp notorious for his barbaric experiments on twins. Eva and her twin sister Miriam lost both of their parents and two older sisters in the Holocaust; only Eva and Miriam survived. Eva later married an American and moved to the United States to begin a new life. In 1984, she founded the organization CANDLES together with the help of her sister Miriam. The name is an acronym for “Children of Auschwitz Nazi Deadly Lab Experiments Survivors”. Working with the organization, Eva was able to locate 122 other survivors of Dr. Mengele’s horrific experiments around the world. In 1995, Eva also founded CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center to educate the public about eugenics, the Holocaust, and the power of forgiveness. That same year she publicly forgave the Nazis for what had been done to her – a decision that brought her international attention. Eva circled the globe delivering her message of peace, kindness, healing and self-empowerment for future generations. Her lessons went far beyond her own experience, addressing current global atrocities and two of the biggest problems facing today’s youth: bullying and discrimination.”
9.
What a remarkable woman! Watch the video below where she tells her story…
“I Survived The Holocaust Twin Experiments”. (14:47 minutes long)
Sadly, Eva Mozes Kor died on 4 July 2019 in Krakow. We can remember her example of forgiveness in spite of all that she went through – she knew that to forgive is to help yourself to overcome, by not continuing to carry the burden!
Eva Mozes Kor once said:
“We cannot changed what happened, but we can change how we relate to it.”
10.
Here is more about Eva Mozes and other Mengele victims…
From the 60 Minutes archives: Survivors of Josef Mengele’s twin experiments. (13:44 minutes long)
10.
The video that you have just seen about Eva Mozes was the cut-version of the documentary. This is optional – if you would like to watch the full documentary, here it is below…
Twins: Eva and Miriam Mozes. (42:25 minutes long)
Eva Mozes Kor: The “Mengele Twin” | EVA | Timeline. (56:09 minutes long)
11.
A feature film about a prisoner’s dealings with Mengele is available below, if you are interested…
“Based on a true story, this heart-wrenching film follows the journey of Gisella Perl, a Jewish-Hungarian doctor who manages to survive Auschwitz. Decades later, she’s applying for U.S. citizenship when she becomes accused of colluding with the Nazis. Her judge and jury are three INS investigators who must decide her fate.”
Today , we will continue with the revision film on Stalin…
-Part A-
In the last scene we saw Nadia telling Stalin that Lenin is dead…
It is Lenin’s funeral…
Note how Stalin makes sure that his henchman does not say that he (Stalin) deliberately gave Trotsky the wrong date for the funeral!
There is a scene in the garden at Stalin’s house: Nadia cuts flowers while talking to Zina about being offered a job by Bukharin.
Nadia is in the house decorating flowers…
Stalin had just received a call informing him that Lenin’s testament proposed his removal from the Secretariat, etc.
Here, for the first time, we can see Stalin being mean to his wife… (He thought that she knew that Lenin did not write favourably about him in his political testament.)
(Increasingly, Stalin’s wicked side now becomes evident in the film…)
Other scenes follow:
Lenin’s testament is read in the politburo. They decide not to read it to the Central Committee.
Stalin’s son (from his previous marriage), Jakov, comes to Moscow to live with his father. (Nadia did not know about him!)
Trotsky is exiled: he is forced onto a train, while Trotsky’s son complains and tries to stop Stalin from exiling his father.
Stalin is suspicious of Trotsky as he is a potential rival. (All the old politburo members posed a threat to Stalin’s position of power, and he became increasingly suspicious of them…)
Stalin discuss the replacement of Zinoviev (as head of the Leningrad Party branch) with one of his (Stalin’s) supporters. It is decided that Kirov will replace Zinoviev.
Kirov enters the room, with a gift for Stalin! When everyone leaves, Stalin asks Yagoda (another Stalin supporter) to ‘keep an eye’ on Kirov…
(Stalin became suspicious of everyone as possible rivals to his position.)
Stalin II-A. (20:51 minutes long)
-Part B-
It is 1928 and Russia experiences a grain problem…
Bukharin and Beria speak to Stalin about the suffering of the peasants – their grain are being seized.
Bukharin strongly disagrees with this measure!
(Beria also seems to be a despicable character…)
Stalin’s son, Jakov, became very upset when Stalin opposes his intentions to marry a Jewish girl.
Jakov’s solution to this dilemma? Suicide…!
Nadia arrives on the scene and tries to resolve matters
Nadia ‘runs away’ to visit her parents. She is very upset, because she realises more and more how evil Stalin is… She also knows how powerful he is and that no one can escape him!
Stalin II-B. (15:08 minutes long)
-Stalin II-
(Below are the scenes watched today in one video clip.)
Today you are going to revise the history of Stalin’s Russia – by means of a feature length film…!
-Part A-
In order to optimally gain from this film, it is important that you understand what is happening right from the beginning of the film. Here is some background information about the events:
Introduction: (The story is told by Stalin’s daughter, looking back at her father’s life.)
Stalin was married twice. (His first wife died at a young age.) They had a son called Jakov. Stalin deserted the boy when his wife died. He then married a woman who was much younger than himself. They had two children. Their first born was a son called Vasili and their second child was a daughter called Svetlana. In this film, Svetlana is telling the story.
the film starts with Stalin in 1917, in Siberia (exiled)
the tsar set political prisoners free & recruited them to fight in WW1
however, Stalin was not “fit” for war and was thus rejected
Stalin was known as Koba at the time
We can see Historical footage of February 1917 …
Lenin arrives in Russia, just after this revolution (he arrives by train at the Finland station in St.Petersburg)
Many of his supporters are there to greet him.
Stalin is there, and also Sergei & Olga Alliluyev, and their daughter, Nadia. (Do not mistake Nadia with the person telling the story.)
The October 1917 Revolution takes place…
The next scene is in the house of Sergei and Olga Alliluyev…
the Civil War period is shown
Stalin is travelling on a train during the Civil War
Nadia is also on the train, as Lenin appointed her as an assistant to Stalin
Stalin meets Voroshilov (another Bolshevik). Then, they interfere with military operations. (They made sure that “unreliable officers” were killed in an “accident” when their barge sank.)
Trotsky was Commissar of War. Stalin was Commissar of Nationalities. Their spheres of influence sometimes overlapped. This led to conflict, especially when Stalin “got rid” of these officers.
Trotsky (in charge of the military) complains to Lenin about Stalin’s interference and the deaths of the officers…
Stalin I-A. (15:12 minutes long)
-Part B-
It is in 1919, in the Kremlin, n Moscow. It is Stalin’s wedding day. (By now, Nadia was Lenin’s personal secretary.)
Spot…
Nikolai Bukharin (He congratulates Nadia and picks her up.)
Leon Kamenev (He also congratulates Nadia.)
Grigorei Zinoviev (He gives her a bottle of champaign to congratulate her.)
Stalin & Nadia (dancing in a circle) with Sergo Ordzhonikidze & his wife Zina (Zinaida)
Lenin & his wife, Krupskaya
It is in 1922, also in the Kremlin, in Moscow.
The politburo has a meeting. They discuss the Secretariat and decide to appoint a General Secretary (one of themselves) in order to have a link between the Politburo and the Secretariat. (At the time, Nadia was pregnant with their first child.)
Stalin is at home, talking to his friend, Sergo Ordzhonikidze while Sergo’s wife, Zina, helps Nadia (who is in labour with their first child). A messenger comes and tells them that Lenin had a stroke. (Stalin’s father was made boots for a living.)
Stalin visits Lenin, who is recovering at home after the stroke. Lenin is cross with Stalin, because Stalin condoned one of his supporters punching a fellow party member.
Other scenes follow:
Stalin, Kamenev and Zinoviev formed a trio to take leadership in the party while Lenin was ill (to prevent Trotsky from taking over).
Stalin visits Lenin again at home… (He insults Lenin’s wife, Krupskaya, when she did not want Stalin to see Lenin, because she did not want Lenin to be upset by Stalin.)
Lenin’s death… 21 Jan.1924
Stalin I-B. (20:36 minutes long)
-Stalin I-
(Below are the scenes watched today in one video clip.)
Stalin I. (35:08 minutes long)
Finally…
Here is feedback on the 10-mark question that you answered in Lesson 9:
‘Stalin’s use of propaganda was the main reason he was able to establish a ‘personal dictatorship’.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (10)
Today you are going to look at the “usefulness” and “reliability” of Sources.
Follow the instructions step by step:
1.
Read the information on Usefulness & Reliability of Sources from p.75-78.
-Page 75-
-Page 76-
-Page 77-
-Page 78-
2.
Watch the following video that explains usefulness, reliability and bias in source analysis. Pay careful attention!
Usefulness, Reliability and Bias. (5:04 minutes long)
3.
The video below tells you more about source analysis. (It also mentions some pages that you need to read – you may already have read the pages, so just watch the video.)
Analysing Sources. (4:49 minutes long)
4.
Now, complete the second part of Homework Task 2 (p.74-78) now in class.
Today you are going to start our final “topic” in the Year 9 History course. We are going to look at The Use of Sources in History.
Follow the instructions step by step:
1.
First of all, let’s make sure that you know what is meant by “a source”.
What is a ‘source’?
“A source is something that provides information about the historical topic you are studying. They can either be written (e.g. books or websites), or non-written (e.g. photographs or artefacts). No matter what you’re doing in History, you will use sources. This could be simply learning information from a textbook or website, or actually looking at ancient artefacts made in the past. Either way, they provide information about the past and are considered ‘sources of information’.”
2.
Read the information on Historical Sources from p.73-75.
-Page 73-
-Page 74-
-Page 75-
3.
Watch the following video to revise some of the source analysis theory that you need to be familiar with by now.
Primary and Secondary Sources. (3:30 minutes long)
4.
Now watch the following video about dealing with various types of Historical Sources.
Types of Sources. (3:38 minutes long)
5.
Read the information on Various types of Sources from p.79-80.
-Page 79-
-Page 80-
6.
Look at the lesson on Nazi Cartoon analysis to remind yourself how to analyse a cartoon! You can access the lesson here.
7.
Complete Homework Task 1 (p.71-73) now in class.
8.
Task 1 on p.71-73.
9.
Also complete the first part of Homework Task 2 (p.74-75) now in class…
Today you are going to revise cartoon analysis, step by step…
Follow the instructions step by step:
1.
Carefully examine the cartoon on page 41.
2.
To be able to determine the meaning of this cartoon, complete the tasks on pages 39-41 of your workbook.
SOLUTION:
3.
Below are the same p.39-41 tasks, separated into pages with answers:
PAGE 39:
SOLUTION:
PAGE 40:
SOLUTION:
PAGE 41:
SOLUTION:
3.
To finish off our topic on “Nazi Germany”, you can watch the entire History of Nazi Germany – from beginning to end, as explained in this great animated video: (9:59 min long)
Today you are going to finish the video on Eva Clark….
Follow the instructions step by step:
1.
“Eva Clarke was one of three “miracle babies” who saw the light of day in KZ Mauthausen in Austria. Nine days after her birth, the Second World War ended. As a newborn, Eva’s chances of survival were extremely slim; against all odds, she lived, making her and her mother Anka the only survivors of their extended family.”
And now, we will watch the first 20 minutes of an incredible story… (We will finish watching the rest of the story in the next lesson.)
“What does it mean to be born in a concentration camp, arguably one of the most inhospitable places on earth? Eva Clarke was one of three “miracle babies” who saw the light of day in KZ Mauthausen in Austria. Nine days after her birth, the Second World War ended. As a newborn, Eva’s chances of survival were extremely slim; against all odds, she lived, making her and her mother Anka the only survivors of their extended family. In 1948, they emigrated from Prague to the UK and settled in Cardiff, Wales. Eva regularly addresses audiences, and her remarkable story has been featured in the British and American media. She and her mother are among the protagonists of Wendy Holden’s book ‘Born Survivors: Three Young Mothers and their Extraordinary Story of Courage, Defiance, and Hope’ (Harper, 2015).”
Watch the video below to revise the Norman Invasion and its consequences.
The Norman Conquest – an animated explained video. (11:16 minutes long)
4.
Here is a revision video about how William I conquered the rest of England and how he controlled and ruled his new kingdom.
Conquest of England – fill-in notes. (2:05 minutes long)
5.
If you are interested, do the following word search ONLINE about the Norman Invasion and Conquest. (Or, ask your teacher for a paper copy.)
You need to look for 10 words that you would have to use if you want to describe changes that took place in England after the Norman Conquest. Click on the word search to be able do it online – you can then “highlight” the words with the cursor as you find them.
Click on the word search to be able do it online – you can then “highlight” the words with the cursor as you find them.
Today you are going to learn more about how William I ruled by means of the Feudal System.
Follow the order in which I give you instructions:
1.
As introduction, watch the following video on “How William controlled England”, with specific focus on some problems William faced…
How did William control England? (3:30 minutes long)
Some of the problems mentioned are:
having to reward the nobles who helped William
not knowing how wealthy the new kingdom was
having to control the peasants / to keep them in line
protecting the Norman soldiers
2.
This video mentions that William rewarded his followers with land: It also makes mention of armies… This is where the Feudal System came in. The video below explains the Feudal System in detail. It will reveal to you what the link between the land and the armies was…
Feudal System. (2:08 minutes long)
3.
The videos below are all on Feudalism.
(Ignore the quiz-questions instruction at the end of the video below.)
The feudal system – an introduction. (2:54 minutes long)
What Was Feudal System? – A Middle Ages feudal system story. (4:24 minutes long)
Feudalism Explained – A final summary of Feudalism… (3:03 minutes long)
4.
Conquest of England notes:
p.73-complete the notes on the 2nd half of the page
SOLUTION:
5.
Complete the diagram and notes on p.75 in your Workbook.
SOLUTION:
6.
The videos below are all on Feudalism. The more we watch, the better – we learn through repetition! (All of these videos have been carefully selected for your learning purposes!)
The Feudal System – What it is and why it was used. (3:17 minutes long)
Feudalism. (2:11 minutes long)
Feudalism in Medieval Europe – a simple explanation. (4:35 minutes long)
7.
Read the following to find out more about…..Feudalism.
8.
This first video is an explanation of how William established his control over England.
Conquest of England – Part 1. (5:36 minutes long)
The second video is an explanation of how the Feudal System worked.
Can you remember how to determine if a source is a primary or a secondary source?
4.
Now, let’s see how William, Duke of Normandy defeated the rest of England after he won the Battle of Hastings…
A teacher explains “How William controlled England”. (7:28 minutes long)
5.
So, let’s see how William conquered the rest of England, after the Battle of Hastings…
Conquest of England. (2:30 minutes long)
6.
Conquest of England notes:
p.72-Complete all the notes
p.73-complete the notes on the first half of the page
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
7.
Watch the videos below – remember, the more we watch, the better, because we learn through repetition. (At the end of this lesson are more videos on castles – they have been carefully selected for your study purposes.)
A Mini Guide to Medieval Castles | Animated History. (1:54 minutes long)
What were Motte and Bailey Castles? (4:55 minutes long)
8.
And now for a little bit of reading from your workbook, about Castles….
9.
WATCH CAREFULLY!! (You may need to play the following video on a slower speed…)
Motte and Baileys explained. (4:45 minutes long)
The following video explains Castles in detail – it is a complete overview of the rise and decline of Castles…
Castles for Kids: What is a Castle? (7:24 minutes long)
10.
If you are interested, do the following word search ONLINE about the Norman Invasion and Conquest:
Click on the word search to be able do do it online – you can then “highlight the words with the cursor as you find them.
(Alternatively, ask your teacher for a paper copy of the word search.)
Why did Britain become involved with the slave trade in the first place?
Why were the British involved in the Slave Trade? (1:48 minutes long)
Or, watch on YouTube by clicking on this YouTube button:
3.
Fortunately it came to an end… eventually! Watch the following videos on:
the abolition of slavery
the role that William Wilberforce played
William Wilberforce & the End of the African Slave Trade. (3:30 min long)
4.
What about abolition in America? The video below explains briefly how slavery came to an end in America.
American Civil War. (2:22 minutes long)
Here is a short summary of the relevant information in the above video clip:
The American Civil War was fought from 1861-1865. The Union States (of the North) were fighting against the Confederate States (of the South).
The Northern states were opposed to slavery whereas the Southern states wanted to continue making use of slave labour as there were labour-intensive plantations in the south. (The Northerners were also known as the Yankees, and the Southerners were known as the Rebels.)
In 1862 President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. It was an executive order that declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free” (from Jan 1863). The Southerners ignored this order, but in 1865 the Confederate Army surrendered and slavery became illegal!
5.
-1-
Read all the sources and their attributions carefully, p.77-79.
(These sources give information about the abolition of Slavery.)
-2-
Stick the correct source explanation (provided) in the relevant source box to clarify the meaning of each source.
-3-
Underline evidence in each of the sources that will back-up the statements in the source boxes.
6.
Mark the task on sources, p.77-79.
7.
Now, let’s test your knowledge and understanding on the abolition of slave trade…
“The Abolition of Slave Trade, p.79”
Please take note:
You are required to answer six questions:
You may choose to complete EITHERthe odd numbers: 1,3,5,7,9 and 11,
OR: the even numbers: 2,4,6,8,10 and 12.
Read the questions carefully before you decide which ones to do.
Various people and organisations campaigned for an end to slavery. Two examples of people who campaigned for an end to slavery are Olaudah Equiano and John Newton.
Watch the following videos to learn more about Olaudah Equiano…
Olaudah Equiano. (0:50 minutes long)
‘The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano’. (3:42 minutes long)
Below is a production for young kids, but this video is included in our lesson as it is a very clever song! We can admire the creativity of this production made for young kids!
Olaudah Equiano | Black History Month for Kids. (3:20 minutes long)
3.
Watch the following videos to learn more about John Newton…
John Newton and the story behind the song “Amazing Grace”. (3:16 min long)
Amazing Grace: John Newton’s. (6:50 min long)
4.
And now for a few tasks about Slavery & the abolition of Slavery from your Workbook…
See if you can fill in brief information on the spider diagram on “what was it like to be a slave” (at the top of p.75).
SOLUTION
Mark your work
with a pencil.
5.
Fill in the names of the two people (in the middle of p.75).
SOLUTION
Mark your work
with a pencil.
6.
Write a short paragraph to say who John Newton was (at the bottom of p.75).
SOLUTION
Mark your work
with a pencil.
7.
Next, you need to do a bit of reading, to see how slavery came to an end…. So, read p.76. In particular, look for ways in which abolitionists campaigned for an end to slavery.
“The Abolition of the Slave Trade”, p.76
8.
To conclude, use the box on p.76 of your Workbook to make a list of “ways in which abolitionists campaigned”. (In other words, what methods did they use to campaign against slavery?)
SOLUTION
Mark your work
with a pencil.
9.
Olaudah Equiano in 60 seconds. (1:22 minutes long)
Olaudah Equiano, The African – PodCast. (5:27 minutes long)
John Newton, The Former Slave Trader. (1:38 minutes long)
Once Blind – THE LIFE OF JOHN NEWTON. (2:33 minutes long)
Watch this rather sad story about a teenage girl who escaped the Nazis…
‘They’re taking us to our death’. (3:49 minutes long)
5.
Watch this video – it is an interesting survival story!
How My Grandma Survived The Holocaust.(6:14 minutes long)
6.
Look at the Glossary (on p.70-71, in your Workbook). Read the words and explanations and highlight words that relate to the Holocaust topic in one colour and words that relate to the Nazi Germany topic in a different colour.
Page 70
Page 71
SOLUTIONS:
Mark your work
with a pencil.
Mark the following task, with a pencil:
7.
Finally, finish the questions on the Holocaust (p.59) that you started in the previous lesson.
Now, listen to this song… You will never forget the date 1066! (You also need to look carefully at the words…)
William the Conqueror. (3:56 minutes long)
5.
Your workbook tells you on page 64 what the Bayeux Tapestry is…
A Tapestry is a “heavy handwoven reversible textile used for hangings, curtains, and upholstery and characterized by complicated pictorial designs”.
And here is an example of modern-day children’s tapestries:
6.
The video clips below tell you more about the Bayeux Tapestry…
What is the Bayeux Tapestry? | Norman Conquest | 1066. (1:37 minutes long)
Bayeux Tapestry… England’s first comic strip. (2:48 minutes long)
The Bayeux Tapestry – Seven Ages of Britain – BBC One. (4:56 minutes long)
Animation without speaking…!
The Animated Bayeux Tapestry. (4:24 minutes long)
7.
Stick the worksheet (provided) with the picture of the Bayeux tapestry into your purple book. Then try to determine what it shows you about the Norman Invasion. Then write your explanation in the box at the bottom of the page.
8.
If you get stuck, here is a little help: Choose a possible answer from the options given below. Then copy the correct description into the box on the Bayeux Tapestry worksheet.
9.
10.
Below are some useful links if you are interested in finding out more about the individual scenes in the Bayeux Tapestry…
Today you are going to look at, what the Nazis called, the “Final Solution to the Jewish Problem”…
Follow the instructions step by step:
1.
To refresh your memory, read the flow-chart (below) about Nazi treatment of Jews that culminated in what the Nazi’s called “the Final Solution to the Jewish Problem”.
(The “The Final Solution” flow chart is also on p.61 in your workbook.)
2.
Now, read this important information, about the treatment of Jews during WW2…
“Mass Murder in the Soviet Union” (p.58)
& “The Final Solution” (p.58)
3.
In the video below is a summary of the information about “Treatment of Jews during WW2”.
Treatment of Jews during WW2. (1:29 minutes long)
4.
Fill in the missing words on the notes on p.60:
5.
Mark the fill-in task on p.60:
6.
In the video below is a summary of the information about “The Final Solution”.
The Final Solution. (2:13 minutes long)
7.
Fill in the missing words on the notes on p.68:
8.
Mark the fill-in task on p.68:
9.
Read the following information about “the Final Solution” from your Workbook:
10.
Let’s test your knowledge and understanding of some of the issues involved in the Holocaust…
Watch the following video which is an overview of “the Final Solution”: (You need to concentrate!)
The Development of the “Final Solution”. (11:45 minutes long)
12.
Watch this complete biography of Adolf Eichmann – as head of the Gestapo, Eichmann is seen as a Nazi leader that played a major role in the Final Solution.
The Architect of the Holocaust. (19:17 minutes long)
