Watch video below. It explains what an algorithm is.
BBC Learning What Is An Algorithm. (1:07 minutes long)
2.
Also watch this video to learn more about what algorithms are.
Introduction to Algorithms | All About Computers | Tynker. (4:48 minutes long)
3.
A student will now demonstrate how a computer uses algorithms to perform certain tasks…
(Give a student instructions to make his way from point A to point B, and back to point A again, by giving instructions in the form of an algorithm. E.g.: 2 steps forward, turn L, 5 steps forward, turn R, etc.)
4.
Use the algorithm (in the previous video, at 1:54 minutes)) for making a paper aeroplane!
1) Take an A4 sheet of paper, plus a pen.
2) First write your name all over the paper!
3) Then, follow the steps to fold the aeroplane.
5.
Line up in front of the class and throw your paper planes for fun!
6.
Now you need to follow the algorithm for drawing a computer! Draw while following the instructions in the video below.
(Give each student another peace of A4 paper.)
How To Draw A Computer Step By Step 🖥️ – Easy. (1:54 minutes long)
7.
Do you want to follow a more complicated algorithm? Complete the drawing as instructed in the video below.
Drawing Tutorial | How to Draw a Computer 🖥️. (3:59 minutes long)
8.
Let’s look at another type of algorithm. Can you write the arrow codes to help the Robot find his home…
9.
Also write the arrow codes to help Mario find his home…
10.
Building Algorithms | All About Computers | Tynker. (3:56 minutes long)
Watch the video below to see how to insert more pages on Google Sites.
Google Sites: Creating & Managing Pages. (2:53 minutes long)
2.
Consult your content planning sheet to recall which six categories about the Maya you will include in your website. (You used the sheet below to choose which categories you will include.)
3.
Use Google Sites to continue working on your website.
Sign into your Google account. Click on this icon to sign into the account:
4.
You need to use the panel on the right to insert additional pages.
Click on PAGES.
Then click on the plus sign.
5.
The text below could be useful when entering text to your webpages.
This lesson is partly based on teachcomputing.org lessons.
Today, you are going to….
continue making the homepage for your website
learn how to insert text on a webpage
learn how to insert images on a webpage
learn about image copyright
decide which other pages you want to include in your website
1.
Your website have a URL name, a catchy header and you have chosen an attractive style. Now you need to work through the rest of the list…
2.
Have you completed the worksheet (to plan what next to put on your home page)?
3.
It is time to put text and images on your home page, to tell your viewers more about your website.
The following are important to keep in mind when creating a website and its home page:
4.
The video below explains briefly how to insert text on Google Sites.
Google Sites: Adding Text. (2:54 minutes long)
5.
You also need to insert images to show what your website is all about. The video below explains briefly how to insert images on Google Sites.
Google Sites: Inserting Images. (2:17 minutes long)
6.UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Include info from “lesson 3” about copy right of images….
7.
Consider carefully “exactly what about the Maya” your website will cover…
8.
Apart from “who the Maya was”, “where they lived”, and “where they lived”, include six other categories about the Maya in your website. (Use the sheet below to choose which categories you will include.)
investigate how to make a website with Google Sites
choose a name for your website
choose a theme for your website
make the homepage header
1.
You are going to use a CMS to make your own website!
Can you remember what CMS stands for?
content management system
We will use Google Sites to make a website on….
2.
The following are important to keep in mind when creating a website and its home page:
3.
Below is a video that explains briefly how to use Google Slides.
Google Sites: Creating a Site. (2:22 minutes long)
4.
USING GOOGLE SITES
Creating an effective website with Google Sites all about clarity, design, and flow. Planning is very important. You are going to make the website, following the step-by-step instructions below.
STEP1
Sign into your Google account.
Click on this icon to sign into the account:
5.
STEP2
Open Google Sites.
6.
STEP3
Click on BLANK SITE.
7.
STEP4
Decide what your site a name will be.
How to choose a domain name…
Choosing a domain name is one of the most important steps when creating a website. Here are some key tips to help you pick the perfect one:
Keep It Short & Simple
Shorter names are easier to remember and type. Avoid long or complex words.
Use Keywords (If Relevant)
If possible, include keywords related to your WEBSITE (e.g., “MagicMayan.com”).
Avoid Numbers & Hyphens
They make domains harder to remember and type. For example: “Top-10-Reviews.com” vs. “TopReviews.com” (The second one is better).
Pick the Right Domain Extension (.com, .net, .org, etc.)
For example, “.com” is the most popular and easiest to remember. Also consider country-specific extensions (e.g., “.uk”, “.es”) if targeting a local audience.
Check Availability & Avoid Trademarks
Use a domain registrar to see if your name is available. Avoid names that are too similar to existing brands to prevent legal issues.
For interests’ sake, click on the link below to see if your chosen name has already been used as a domain name:
(We are just checking for interest sake, because your domain name will include “queenscollege” and will only be visible to people with Queen’s College google accounts.)
8.
STEP5
Give your site a name.
9.
STEP6
Choose a theme for your website.
Google Sites: Themes & Page Design. (2:20 minutes long)
10.
STEP7
Create the header for the home page.
Decide on a header (or title).
The header must show what your website is all about.
Do not assume visitors to your site know what the website is about. So, include a concise header on your homepage to communicate what the website is about.
Google Sites: Customizing the Header. (3:05 minutes long)
Insert the text:
You can make the header bold or change the colour, size or font.
You can change the header type:
11.
STEP8
Create the headerimage for the home page.
A header image can significantly improve the visual impact of your website! It is the first element that visitors see. So, your header image plays a crucial role in shaping the initial impression that visitors will have of your website. It can create interest, trust and engagement.
Insert an image in the header, as background:
Search and select an image from Google:
The title should be put in bold, because the picture is quite dark:
It is very important that you choose a readable font and color, that stands out against the background.
12.
Share your Site with me!
13.
Sign out of your Google account.
This is VERY important, because everybody can log into the computers in the ICT room with the primary password!!!
14.
You can now tick the first 3 boxes on your tick list!
15.
Use the worksheet to plan what next to put on your home page.
The last part of this lesson is based on teachcomputing.org lessons.
Today, you are going to….
revise how the internet works
explore key components of websites
test your knowledge on websites
1.
Let’s revise how the internet works!
How the Internet Works in 4 Minutes | Animation Video. (4:03 minutes long)
(Advanced information…)
2.
What is a website?
A website is a collection of related web pages hosted on a server and accessible through the internet.
3.
What makes a website?
Websites can be made up of lots of different web pages. The pages are related and together they make a website.
4.
What are the key components that make up a website?
Here are the key components that make up a website:
Domain Name & Web Hosting, Content & Web Pages, Frontend & Backend, Content, Management System (CMS), Design and User Experience (UX/UI), SEO (Search Engine Optimization), Analytics and Tracking, Security
By combining these elements effectively, a website can achieve its intended purpose, whether it’s for personal blogging, e-commerce, or corporate branding.
(It makes it easy for users to find the website instead of typing a long server IP address.)
7.
This is a service that stores your website’s files and makes them accessible on the internet.
There are different types of web hosting:
1) Shared Hosting: Multiple websites share a single server.
2) Dedicated Hosting: One server is dedicated to a single website.
3) Cloud Hosting: Resources hosted across multiple servers.
8.
This is the information and media presented on the website.
Content includes:
Text (articles, product descriptions, blog posts)
Images (photos, illustrations)
Videos and audio files
Interactive elements (forms, maps, quizzes)
9.
These are the individual documents or pages within a website.
Examples include:
1) Homepage: The main page users see first.
2) About Page: Details about the organization or individual.
3) Contact Page: Contains contact forms or contact details.
Webpages are typically coded in HTML, styled with CSS, and made interactive with JavaScript.
10.
This is the visible part of the website that users interact with.
Key Technologies used in the “frontend” are:
1) HTML: Structures content.
2) CSS: Styles the content (colors, fonts, layout). (CSS is the acronym of “Cascading Style Sheets”. CSS is a computer language for laying out and structuring web pages.)
This is the server-side infrastructure that powers the website.
Key technologiesused in the “backend” are:
1) Programming Languages: PHP, Python, Ruby, Java, etc.
2) Databases: Store and manage content (e.g., MySQL, MongoDB).
3) Server: Manages requests and delivers web pages.
12.
This is a platform for managing website content without needing to code.(CMS allows non-technical users to easily update the website.)
Examples: WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, Shopify, Google Sites.
You will use a CMS make your own website! (You will use Google Sites, which is a very basic CMS.)
13.
This refers to the layout, navigation, and usability of the website.
UX / UI includes:
1) Responsiveness (adapts to mobile and desktop screens).
2) Accessibility (usable for people with disabilities).
3) Visual appeal (modern and professional design).
14.
These are techniques to improve a website’s visibility in search engines.
SEO includes:
1) Optimizing content with keywords.
2) Fast loading speeds.
3) Mobile-friendliness.
4) Quality backlinks.
15.
These are measures to protect the website and users.
(Website security prevents hacking, data breaches, and malware.)
Examples:
1) SSL Certificate (encrypts data transfer).
2) Firewalls.
3) Secure coding practices.
16.
These are tools to monitor user behavior and website performance.
(Analytics & Tracking help improve content, design, and marketing strategies.)
Examples: Google Analytics, Heatmaps, Conversion Tracking.
17.
18.
Do you know the key components of a website?
19.
More on Media…
It is very important that the content on a website is used responsibly.
What is copyright?
Copyright is the “property right” of authors (and creators) to control, protect, and use their artistic works as they wish.
It is easy to copy, change, or download content from the internet. Copyright law protects the control you have over the things that you create. It also protects the work of others.
If you want to use someone else’s work you should:
Ask permission
Give credit to the person who made it
Buy it — if it has a cost attached (e.g. from an online resource library)
How to use images Responsibly and Respectfully
Sometimes it is possible to copy part of someone’s work. For example, if you are using part of someone’s content e.g. a picture for your school work. This is acceptable.
School children are not expected to pay for images they find online BUT… You just have to remember:
You can only use part of the work
You can’t make money from it
It needs to look completely different in your piece of work than in the original piece
Today we will look at typical Paper 2 exam questions, in preparation for your Paper 2 examination….
We will:
analyse exam questions
analyse sources
plan essay answers
write essay answers
Your homework for today was to revise the “The League of Nations” topic…
1.
2.
Giving evidence (when answering source questions) is crucially important… Below is an exercise to help you to know how to incorporate evidence in your answers.
Look at the following question and then put the possible answers in order of worst to best:
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
SOLUTION
A
This is a poor answer as it provides no evidence to back-up the statement.
E
This answer gives evidence, but the quote could be much shorter.
B
This answer gives evidence, but the quote does not “make sense” in the sentence, as it has just been added to the end of the statement.
C
This answer is good. It gives evidence, added to the end of the statement, but the way it is added is acceptablebecause the evidence is given in brackets.
E
This answer is the best. It gives evidence, in the form of a short quote, that forms part of the sentence. Therefore, it makes perfect sense.
Watch the short video below. It explains “How Hitler became Leader”, or Chancellor, of Germany.
Hitler became Leader. (2:22 minutes long)
3.
Now, let’s see what your Workbook has to say about how Hitler became leader of Germany.
p.15-16
4.
Watch the short video below. It explains “How Hitler became Dictator” of Nazi Germany.
Hitler became Dictator. (1:57 minutes long)
5.
Once he had the Enabling Law passed, Hitler had to make sure that there is no chance that he will ever be removed from his position as dictator. Hitler, therefore, set out to secure his position. The video below explains just how Hitler did that and how he became führer of Germany.
Hitler became Führer. (2:42 minutes long)
6.
Now, let’s see what your Workbook has to say about how Hitler became dictator and führer of Germany.
p.18-19
7.
Use the information from pages 15,16,18, and 19 to make these 3 flow charts:
You can see the code for any website by following these easy steps in Google Chrome:
Go to a website
Right-click on a section of the website e.g. an image
Click Inspect
Now you can see the HTML code.
The code defines what the website will look like.
10.
So, what does HTML stand for?
(Choose the correct answer below.)
How To Make Layouts
Hypertext Make Up Language
How To Move Lines
Hypertext Markup Language
Can you explain what HTML is?
ANSWER
Websites are made up of code, called Hypertext Markup Language, or HTML for short.
11.
The video below will give you an idea of how HTML is used to create a website.
HTML coding for kids and caveman – HTML, Title and Tags. (3:20 minutes long)
12.
So, what makes a website?
Here are the key components that make up a website:
Domain Name & Web Hosting, Content & Web Pages, Frontend & Backend, Content, Management System (CMS), Design and User Experience (UX/UI), SEO (Search Engine Optimization), Analytics and Tracking, Security
By combining these elements effectively, a website can achieve its intended purpose, whether it’s for personal blogging, e-commerce, or corporate branding.
This lesson is based on teachcomputing.org lessons.
Today, you are going to….
explain how data is transferred over networks in packets
identify and explain the main parts of a data packet
examine how these packets work
1.
Revision
What is the internet? – BBC What’s New. (3:36 minutes long)
2.
Click on the link below to look at the first ever website!
3.
Data Packets
Computers send data across the internet in packets. This is a example.
4.
Data Transfer
The video below give a simple explanation of the sending of packets of information / data across the internet.
How the Internet Works – BBC. (1:45 minutes long)
5.
Parts of a packet
6.
Data packets are similar to letters…
The envelope is like the header. It contains the address. The header also contains other key information, including the sender’s address.
The letter inside is similar to the data payload.
7.
The first two parts of the IP addresses in the header relate to the location of networks. If they are different, the devices are not on the same network.
8.
Packets of a message
Transferring media So far you have seen how messages can be transferred as data in packets. Everything that is transferred through the internet is transferred in packets.
Data you send or receive cannot fit in a single packet, so it is split into multiple packets, like this example of a message. The packet number and total number of packets is contained in the header.
Why are packets numbered? They tell the receiving computer the total number of packets it should expect to receive. If the message is incomplete, the receiving computer can send a notification back to the sending computer.
9.
This shows how data is split into multiple packets.
Each packet needs to be numbered, because each packet contains only a small amount of data. This enables the receiving computer to arrange the packets in the correct order.
10.
A Packet’s Tale. How Does the Internet Work? (3:25 minutes long)
11.
How Does The Internet Work? – BBC Click (4:44 minutes long)
This lesson is based on teachcomputing.org lessons.
Today, you are going to….
learn about domain names and URLs
Learn about IP addresses, and DNS
explain that internet devices have addresses
describe how computers use addresses to access websites
1.
Let’s investigate further how the internet works!
How The Internet Works? | What Is Internet? | Dr Binocs Show | Kids Learning Video | Peekaboo Kidz. (6:29 minutes long)
How does the internet works? | Kids Educational Video | What is the internet | Smartie Alpaca Learn. (2:22 minutes long)
2.
Internet data transfer
Computers can share a variety of different media types over the internet.
Every time you access a website, send a message, or watch a video online, your computer sends and receives data from another computer.
You use a website address, also known as a domain name or an URL
A system called DNS matches the website’s address to its IP address
So, computers communicate with each other over the internet!
3.
PROTOCOL
Digital devices have certain rules (protocols) for how they communicate with each other. (A protocol is an agreed way of doing something.)
We can also say that a “protocol” specifies the method of communication, or indicates how the resource will be accessed.
For example, a message may be send as HTTP, or as HTTPS.
4.
What on earth is HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTP is a protocol used to send data between a web browser and a website.
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
HTTP messages are sent as plaintext, which means unauthorized people can easily access and read them over the internet.
In contrast, HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP. (HTTPS is encrypted in order to increase security of data transfer.)
5.
So, how does a computer know where to send data? Computers use special addresses!
It works similar to when we send a letter from one person to another person.
All of the information in the address is needed to make sure the letter gets to the right place, and to the right person.
Correct addresses on letters include a name, street name, town, and postcode.
Which of these letters do you think will reach the person at their destination?
ANSWER
This one definitely will!
It has a name, street address, town, and postcode.
6.
Domain Names
A website’s address is also known as a domain name.
URL
The address of a specific page on a website is known as theURL. (It is the detailed address for accessing a specific web page, file, or video.
IP Addresses
Each device, each website, and each server has an address, called an IP address.
So, IP addresses tell us where a device is, where a website is hosted, and where a server is.
Humans use domain names, but computers use IP addresses!
DNS
A special computer matches the IP addresses to the domain names.
This computer is called a Domain Name System, or DNS.
7.
Domain Names
A website’s address is also known as a domain name.
Look at this web address:
The address of the website tells you where it was created.
Where were these websites created?
UK
United Kingdom
Fr
France
8.
Here are the ends of some web addresses. Some tell you where the website may originate from. Where do you think these are from?
Some tell you more about the content of the website. What do you think these mean?
9.
URLs
A website’s address is called the domain name, but a website’s address can also be a URL.
One of the major differences between URLs and domains is that URLs are specific while domains are general.
A URL describes a single page on the internet.
A domain refers to many web pages that connect to form an entire website.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
A URL is the complete address used to access a specific resource on the internet, such as a web page, file, or video. (It tells a browser where to go to find a specific page or file.)
A URL is made up of several parts:
The Protocol indicates how the resource will be accessed. (It specifies the method of communication.) (e.g., http://, https://)
The Domain Name identifies the website. (It is the human-readable name of the resource’s host.) (e.g., www.example.com)
The Path specifies a specific page or file on the website. (It gives the exact location of the resource on the host server.) (e.g., /about/page1)
10.
IP Addresses
Each device, each website, and each server has an address, called an IP address.
So, IP addresses tell us where a device is, where a website is hosted, and where a server is.
Humans use domain names, but computers use IP addresses.
Computers use special addresses called IP addresses, which are structured like this:
(IP stands for Internet Protocol.)
Computers use IP addresses to identify each other on a network.
When computers send messages, they have the address they’re sending TO, and the one it’s coming FROM.
When a message is sent from one computer to another over a network, both the destination and start addresses are included.
Why do you think that is?
ANSWER
So that the computer knows where to reply!
11.
By now you should know that:
A website’s address is known as its domain name
A specific page (or file) on a website has an address known as the URL
Each website also has an IP address
Each website is hosted on a web server
(Each server, and each device, also has an IP address.)
12.
DNS
A special computer matches the IP addresses to the domain names.
This computer is called a Domain Name System, or DNS.
Humans use domain names, but computers use IP addresses. A special computer matches IP addresses to the domain names. This computer is called a…
Domain Name System (DNS)
(So, a Domain Name System is a computer that works like an address book: it matches IP addresses to the domains!)
Do you remember what a Data Centre is?
A Data Centre is where data gets stored. A Data Centre hosts websites, as well as the “phonebook” (or DNS).
13.
The DNS is like the “phonebook” of the internet!
Humans use domain names (like www.example.com) to identify a website, but computers use IP addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1).
A DNS finds the IP address (e.g., 192.0.2.1) of the human-readable domain name (e.g., www.example.com).
Without the DNS, you would need to remember the numerical IP address of every website!
14.
a websites address is known as its domain name
we know websites by their domain names
a webpage has a specific address called the URL
every website is hosted somewhere on a web server
every website also has its own IP address
a DNS (Domain Name System) matches the website’s domain name with its IP address
When you go to the website http://www.raspberrypi.org, a DNS server looks up the IP address of this website and directs your computer to the website’s server.
15.
Find the IP addresses of the websites on the activity sheet.
You need to look up the IP Addresses by clicking on the link below. When you enter the domain name, you will be provided with the corresponding IP address.
You will get results that looks like this:
What do you notice about the IP addresses for google.com and youtube.com? Can you explain what you have noticed?
ANSWER
The IP addresses of google.com and youtube.com are similar. The IP addresses of these 2 websites show us that they are both in the same location! That is because YouTube is owned by Google – so, it is hosted on Google servers.
16.
DNS
DNS stands for Domain Name System. It turns domain names into IP addresses. This allows browsers to get to websites and other internet resources. Every WEBSITE AND EVERY device on the internet has an IP address, which other devices use to locate each other.
The DNS, or the domain name system , is the phonebook of the Internet, connecting web browsers with websites. The DNS matches human-readable domain names (e.g., www.example.com) with IP addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1), which are used by computers to identify each other on the network.
IP Address
IP address stands for Internet Protocol Address. It is a unique address for a device connected to a network (like the internet). It enables devices to communicate with each other by addressing packets of data to the correct destination.
IPv4: The most common format, consisting of four sets of numbers (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
IPv6: A newer format designed to handle more devices, using hexadecimal notation (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
LAN
LANstands for Local Area Network. It is a network that connects computers and devices within a localized area, such as a home, office, or building.
WAN
WAN stands for Wide Area Network. It is a network that covers a large geographical area, often connecting multiple LANs. The internet itself is the largest example of a WAN.
URL
A URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is the complete address used to access a specific resource on the internet, such as a web page, file, or video. It tells a browser where to go to find a specific page or file.
Create a Christmas Picture in Paint… Task: Use a simple drawing tool like Microsoft Paint or a tablet app to draw a Christmas scene (snowman, tree, presents, etc). Skills Developed: Digital art, mouse control, creativity. Tools: Microsoft Paint, Paint 3D, Procreate.
OR
Create a Christmas Story with Stickers and Animations… Task: Use apps like Toontastic 3D or ChatterPix Kids to create simple Christmas stories by adding stickers, voice recordings, and animations. Skills Developed: Storytelling, basic animation, creativity. Tools: Toontastic 3D, ChatterPix Kids. (These apps need downloading…)
OR
Make a Christmas Collage… Task: Use apps like Pic Collage to make a fun Christmas collage with family photos, stickers, and text. Skills Developed: Creativity, basic digital manipulation. Tools: Pic Collage, Adobe Spark for Kids. (These apps need downloading…)
OR
Build a Christmas Scene in a Block-Based Game… Task: In simple block-based building games like Toca Blocks or Lego Builder, kids can create a Christmas-themed world. Skills Developed: Spatial awareness, creativity, basic problem-solving. Tools: Toca Blocks, Lego Builder. (These apps need downloading…)
Today you are going to learn about the spread of new Italian Renaissance ideas… thanks to the invention of the printing press! (You will be watching some videos during this lesson to learn about the Spread of new Ideas – pay close attention!)
Follow the instructions step by step:
1.
First, look at your test result (Homework-6) and also see where you have perhaps lost marks:
Essay Writing is the main way by which your knowledge and skills will be tested in History. It is therefore very important that you know how to tackle a history essay question. Watch the following video to see how one should approach an essay question:
How to answer an Essay Question. (0:57 minutes long)
2.
Complete the flowchart (provided) in the front of your Essay Writing book by filling in the missing information.
3.
Here is the first essay question that you are going to answer in this course:
How did Tsar Nicholas rule his empire, at the beginning of the 1900’s, before he allowed the Russian people to have a Duma?
It is of vital importance that you analyse and plan essay questions before you start writing the answer. This is how the question can be analysed and planned:
Tsarist Rule Essay Planning. (2:43 minutes long)
4.
Write the essay question in the middle of a page in your essay writing book and then analyse and plan your own answer.
How did Tsar Nicholas rule his empire, at the beginning of the 1900’s, before he allowed the Russian people to have a Duma?
If you get stuck, look at the example again:
5.
Then, write the essay answer, starting on a new page in your essay writing book. Remember to answer in clear paragraphs!
